我們失去的 Web

Anil Dash 對過去美好時代的網路有精闢的描述。他舉了很多實際的例子,但主要的幾個關鍵點在此:

  • 過去的使用者產生內容(User-generated content)是可以分享、匯出、共享、指定公眾授權、資料整合與萃取的。現在的 UGC 是被限制在單一平台的「圍牆花園(Walled Garden)」,無法對 Web 的其他平台分享,整合,萃取。
  • 過去的線上身分是由個人網站展現,而不是仰賴某個中心服務。
  • 過去,若有人想要建立某個網路第三方登入系統,那會造成不亞於美國愛國者法案的隱私侵犯爭議。今日此類服務無所不在。

是的,這個 Blog個人網站網址是那個過去時代的遺跡。Dash 對現在的 Web 並不是完全悲觀的,他覺得現在的 Web 相較於當年,變得更普及,跟親近人;現在的大型網站架構更是軟體工程的巨大成就。但是,他認為我們不能忘記 Web 的初衷與核心價值,而現在的社群網站也該給幫助他們成功的媒介更好的關注 … 很不幸的,他們讓整個世代的網路使用者目光變得狹隘,無法理解 Web 體驗能有的更多創新與意義。

But [the social networks] haven’t shown the web itself the respect and care it deserves, as a medium which has enabled them to succeed. And they’ve now narrowed the possibilites of the web for an entire generation of users who don’t realize how much more innovative and meaningful their experience could be.

Dash 覺得,資訊產業作為一個產業,最終鐘擺會在擺向極端之後,擺向另一邊。只是在擺向另一邊時,新的 Web (或是根本不是 Web?)要面對的是超過當年 AOL 用戶數數倍的,習慣於封閉服務的網路使用者。

我個人比較悲觀;在網路中立性那一役時,我曾經聽過一句話:「Web 最後會變成和電視一樣,內容由大型媒體公司單方面提供,由廣告商掌握」。如果一切的趨勢都沒有改變的話,Web 最後的型態只能符合那樣的預言。而我們心目中能夠跨越國界、族群、與語言的新媒體,就要等到更久之後才會實現了。

最後,就跟那篇文章下面的留言說的一樣:沒有經歷過真的很難體驗,寫這個,很難不聽起來像碎念與感懷舊時代的老人 … 我也得承認,拒絕任何改變反而是妨礙創新,但若進步的代價是讓 Web 失去那些價值,成為充滿 filter bubbleecho chamber 與商業掌握的媒體 … 那恭喜大家,我們終於共同發明了,真正的 Smart TV。

Common misconceptions about Boot-to-Gecko, and the Web

中文版刊登於謀智台客部落格。

Being asked to introduce the Boot to Gecko project to various audiences, I think it’s appropriate for me to write some FAQ here on common misconception of the project, and the Web in general.

Misconception #1: Boot to Gecko is yet another mobile platform for apps.

To run you apps on Boot to Gecko (and any other devices with a browser), you would just have to deliver your apps on the plain old-school Web on Internet.

Boot to Gecko is aim to (re)boot to the web. That is, to bring the Open Web to a level that it could compete with proprietary mobile platforms. To application developers, the Web is yet another platform to develop (you would need to port your apps from Obj-C/Java to HTML5), but the good news is your app would now becomes the cross-platform web app, not B2G Apps, PhoneGap Apps, nor Metro-style Windows 8 Apps, and it’s always available to everyone on every platform, one web address away. It would also make your app free from platform vendor control, since no one owns the Web.

Misconception #2: Phone need to be always on-line to use Boot to Gecko and web apps.

Even though every apps on B2G phone is from a web address, even the home screen itself, offline capability can be easily achieved with HTML5 Offline AppCache technology. It’s something that can be done today, available to many browsers available on both desktop and mobile. The only thing you should take care of is how network dependent your app really is. Even on iOS, Twitter app or Facebook app is useless without network connection. You should define a clear boundary between program assets and online information in your HTML5 app. After all, it’s not just an website anymore.

Misconception #3: Web app is crappier than “native apps” in turns of UX.

This is a notion I strongly disagree. The only reason mobile browsers on devices perform worse than the native app is because the venders of the device did not invest enough effort on it. There is a conflict of interest here. Limiting the capability of APIs accessible, besides permission management issue, is the same thing. At Mozilla, we can show that with proper engineering, mobile browser, or web runtime, can run smoothly as silk on devices and deliver the so-called “native” experiences. Other venders investing the web is also doing the same thing. For devices running B2G or Chrome OS, the native app is web apps, there is no point to make it slow, intentionally or unintentionally.

Misconception #4: Web apps running on B2G is dependent on B2G or Mozilla Web APIs.

Yes and no. If you need specific access like SMS message database or phone dialing, initially B2G would be the only platform that make these features available to you. However, we design these Web APIs with standardization in mind, and work closely with standardizing bodies to made these APIs ready for other venders to implement. Evidently, our Web APIs does not live under PhoneGap.*, Windows.*, nor Ti.*; they are design to be at where it should be, like navigator.* (Sure, as experimental features, they came with moz prefix right now, and usual feature detection is advised).

If you choose other packaged web app solution, then, your web app is depend on it. Forever. Mozilla would like you to develop and distribute apps directly to the Web, and you should.

Misconception #5: Apps on Web are free of charge, developers will never make money out of it.

Yeah, like no one had ever become billionaire because of applications or services they put on the web.

There are tons of way to provide services on the web in exchange for money, surely there are ways to make money with web apps, other than bagging for US$0.99 from users. Sure, closed platform with single distribution “app store” seems effective in terms of delivering revenue to developers (besides having 30% of your money being taken along the away), but Mozilla believes choices matters, and an open platform deliver choices to both users and developers.

Mozilla is also exploring effective distribution and monetize channel for the Open Web, in our Open Web App Project and the Mozilla Marketplace website. The goal of offering choices and freedom is deeply embedded in the feature design, both in browser App API and in storefront, and with user authentication and authorization (which is the scope of the Mozilla Persona project, previously known as BrowserID).

Conclusion

Just like Mozilla did with Firefox years ago, we intend to deliver great product that could influence the market, and let the market influence other venders. No one owns the Web, and no one should. Mozilla is here not to make money or become monopoly, but to bring the goodness to the Web that could drive innovation and opportunities centuries to come.

The CTO of Opera Software, Håkon Wium Lie, once said the Web will last for at least 500 years, and made impact to the society just like Gutenberg’s printing press. I totally agree with him, even though none of us will be around and told me I was wrong, as he puts it. Let’s make it great.

Disclaimer: This post express the opinion of my own and does not necessarily represents the point of view of Mozilla nor Mozilla Corp.

American Censorship Day

Note: If you are reading this on the site, you will see the banner censored.

The US Congress is currently discussing a bill that will give the power of government to shut down websites, prosecute social network users (i.e. you and me) for making minor non-commercial copyright violation (e.g. singing a pop song on Facebook), etc. This is the end of free speech on Internet as we know it, and is an attempt to build national firewall and censorship system much like the one in China.

Please join us for the fight to preserve freedom on Internet. More information can be found at americancensorship.org.